Sourcing and Sinking Concept in PLC

While connecting field devices to Programmable Logic Controllers we always get confused about sinking and sourcing operations. Also this sinking & sourcing concept is useful to answer PLC interview questions.
Sinking and sourcing operations refer to electrical configurations of the circuit in the module & field input devices.
When a device provides current when it is ON it is said to be sourcing current.
When a device receives current when it is ON it is said to be sinking current.
There are both sinking & sourcing field devices as well as sinking & sourcing input module.
But it’s a common practice to use input module in sinking current mode.

· Field devices on the positive side (+VDC) of the field power supply are sourcing field devices.

· Field devices on the negative side (DC COM) of the field power supply are sinking field devices.

· Sourcing field devices must be connected to sinking I/O cards and vice versa.

· Sinking field devices must be connected to sourcing I/O cards and vice versa.

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