Mutchus

This circuit was designed to block signals from infrared remote controls. This will prove very useful if your children have the tendency to switch channels all the time. It is also effective when your children aren’t permitted to watch TV as a punishment. Putting the TV on standby and put-ting the remote control out of action can be enough in this case. Circuit diagram : Remote Control Blocker Circuit Diagram The way in which we do this is very straightforward. Two IR LEDs continuously transmit infrared light with a frequency that can be set between 32 and 41 kHz. Most remote controls work at a frequency of 36 kHz or 38 kHz. The disruption of the remote control occurs as follows. The ‘automatic gain’ of the IR receiver in TVs, CD players, home cinema systems, etc. reduces the gain of the receiver due to the strong signal from the IR LEDs. Any IR signals from a remote control are then too weak to be detected by the receiver. Hence the equipment no longer ‘sees’ the remote control!...

The circuit diagram shown in Fig.1 uses a PNA4602M IR detector to receive an IR signal from  the remote control. It’s a neat device, which contains an IR receiver, amplifier and demodulator together in a single 3-pin package, and it’s normally used in circuits where you want to decode an IR remote control signal.   The way the circuit (Fig.1) works is as follows. When there is no IR coded signal present, the output pin of IC1 remains high. This high signal is fed to the trigger input of the 555 timer (IC2), which being configured as a monostable timer, prevents the timer operating.   Whenever you briefly press any key on the old remote control its IR signal is received by IC1 and output pin 1 produces a train of fast moving high and low pulses, which mimic the IR signal code sent by the remote control. We are not interested in this code, but as soon as the signal switches low it triggers the monostable timer IC2 and its output pin 3 goes high for a short period of time, s...

PID instruction in Allen Bradley PLC [Proportional/Integral/Derivative] Closed Loop Control For   Processor SLC 5/02SLC 5/03SLC 5/04SLC 5/05    MicroLogix 1200 and MicroLogix 1500 (A special PID file replaces the old integer file control block.) Description of PID in PLC   This output instruction is used to control physical properties such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, or flow rate of process loops. The PID instruction normally controls a closed loop using inputs from an analog input module and providing an output to an analog output module as a response to effectively hold a process variable at a desired set point. The PID equation controls the process by sending an output signal to the actuator. The greater the error between the setpoint and the process variable input, the greater the output signal, and vice versa. An additional value (feed forward or bias) can be added to the control output as an offset. The result of the PID calculation (control vari...